Hello,
It’s 9:06 on a beautifully sunny Saturday morning, I’m listening to Switchfoot’s Nothing is Sound cd and I feel quite strongly that right now is the perfect time to write.
This week has passed quickly, but that’s a thing worth my gratitude because its also been the most intense week for me yet. I was team member number seven to fall victim to the illnesses that so faithfully afflict Canadian visitors to Guatemala. I was on my back all Tuesday with the worst headache I can remember every having; fortunately the intensity was balanced by brevity. I don’t know the cause, but I suspect it was the culmination of a number of factors – exposure to heat, lack of sleep, busyness and viral or bacterial factors.
Have you ever gone blind? Going blind is the scariest experience I’ve been subjected to, yet once blind it’s perhaps the most liberating. The first and only time I’ve gone completely blind was in grade four when while wrestling with a friend I smashed the back of my skull against a concrete floor. At first I simply had an intense headache but as time slowly elapsed I distinctly remember losing my ability to focus my eyes while my brain simultaneously began to fail to be able interpret the sensory input of the rod and cone cells of my eyes, with the effect that it appeared to me that individual pixels were disappearing in the television screen of my sensory experience. It culminated in complete blindness and a throbbing headache. Fortunately 24 hours later, a trip to the emergency room and a night spent in the hospital restored my vision.
Last semester at UBC while playing ultimate frisbee I partially lost my vision a second time when I was accidentally kicked in the back of the head as I dove to catch the frisbee. That time I retained my ability to see color but completely lost my ability to focus on any particular point. When I looked at the frisbee flying toward me I could see it, but my eyes would not focus on it. The experience is somewhat comparable to looking directly at the sun for a few seconds and then trying to read this sentence or to catch a frisbee flying toward you.
On Tuesday morning when I woke up I had a headache similar to the one that I had experienced on these two previous experiences of blindness and noticed that I had again lost my ability focus on any particular object, and as I tested my vision loss further I realized that I’d also completely lost peripheral vision in my left eye. As I said though, rest restored my vision to me.
These three experiences of vision loss as well as the fact that I naturally need prescription glasses have strongly shaped my conception of vision and perspective. Blindness has taught me just how much bearing I have placed upon vision; how much I care about what other people think; and generally, just how formative my ability to see has been and is on my world-view. I naturally place an enormous amount of trust in what appears clear and distinct to me. Blindness; however, has taught me that if I truly wish to see perfectly, I must see beyond what merely is immediately clear and distinct to me at any given moment.
Indeed, to live in the understanding of this last statement is of utmost importance.
Plato, Descartes but most importantly, the word of God have resonated unanimously in this truth. There is always more that meets the eyes.
As I lay in my bed in my room on this warm Guatemalan Tuesday, praying that my pain would cease and my vision would return, this question entered my mind, “What am I blind to at this moment?” I have always found meaning in suffering; God is no sadist.
My thoughts turned to some ideas of Immanual Kant. An eminent philosopher, he considered the knowledge of scientific principles to be synthetic a priori knowledge. A priori knowledge is the necessary and universal knowledge which we have independent of experience (such as mathematical knowledge) and is distinguished from a posteriori knowledge which is known through experience. Analytic judgments are definitional in nature, where the idea of the predicate is contained in the idea of the subject. For example, “All circles are round.” The idea of roundness is intrinsic within the idea of a circle. Synthetic judgments are informative in nature. ”My backpack is black.” Blackness is not an idea intrinsic to the idea of a backpack; a backpack could be blue and still be a backpack.
Kant considered mathematics and the principles of science to be synthetic a priori. They are a priori because they are universally known and independent of experience and synthetic because what we have on the right side of a mathematical equation doesn’t necessitate what’s on the left side. For example, 5+7=12. The sum of 5 and 7 must be 12, but given 12, it is not at all true that we obtained 12 from 5 and 7. We could just as easily obtained 12 from 2 and 10.
As I was thinking about synthetic a priori knowledge with this example of 5+7=12 in mind, I began to think of the philosophical problem of God’s sovereignty versus free will which I’ve been turning over in my mind every now and again ever since it occurred to me. The problem is basically this: If God both knows everything and controls everything, how is it possible that humans can in actuality have any free will at all?
The idea I got from Kant was the possibility that human free will may function more like a+b=12 that 5+7=?. In the second case, the solution has only one possible correct answer. This is analogous with the idea of scientific determinism which simplistically put says that every choice we make is a necessary and inevitable consequence of the net sum of molecular reactions occurring in our bodies according to the natural laws of nature. It implies that our conception of free will is a facade and not actual reality. The first case seems more analogous in my mind to the actual situation, where free will is actually a reality and yet one also recognizes the that the human body is a least partially physical and obeys the laws of nature.
I don’t mean this to be in any way a comprehensive answer to the paradox of determinism/God’s sovereignty and free will, but only an idea that has helped me understand how it might be possible to explain this phenomenon.
Ok, I started this on Saturday morning but am finishing it on Monday morning. This weekend our whole team attended an “Encuentro”, which mean “Meeting”. It was a retreat for the church here with the theme of “Breaking Chains”. Because of this, my Saturday evening and Sunday were the wierdest day and a bit of my life. I’ll write more soon.
cheers,
Steven